RML Hospital’s pollution clinic sees surge in cases amid spike in bad air

Nearly 100 people have visited Ram Manohar Lohia (RML) Hospital’s specialised weekly pollution clinic in the past three weeks, as the Air Quality Index (AQI) of the national capital slipped to the “severe” category, according to a senior doctor.

The clinic, which was first opened in November last year, was restarted on October 14 this year to provide specialised care and treatment to patients suffering from pollution-related diseases in Delhi.

Medical Superintendent Dr Ajay Shukla, while speaking to Patriot, said that the pollution clinic at Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital was established specifically to support patients struggling with pollution-related health issues. “This was my own initiative, and it struck me that we need this,” explains Dr Shukla, highlighting the need for a specialised clinic to provide targeted care.

Unlike the general OPD, the pollution clinic offers a space for educating and counselling patients on how pollution triggers and worsens their symptoms, helping them understand the link between their environment and health.

“Pollution affects parts of our body that come in contact with polluted air, so your lungs are very vulnerable,” says Dr Shukla, adding that it also impacts mental health, potentially leading to anxiety, depression, and panic attacks.

Dr Ramesh Chand Meena, Assistant Professor and Head of the Department of Medicine, noted that the pollution clinic has been receiving an overwhelming response, with a steady flow of patients from the capital seeking treatment. According to Dr Meena, over 30 patients visited the clinic on October 28, while close to 40 came on October 21. Additionally, he mentioned that on October 14, around 30 individuals were treated for pollution-related illnesses.

Dr Meena shared that the pollution clinic, or Outpatient Department (OPD), is staffed by four highly trained resident doctors as well as four junior residents. The clinic operates across six departments, he explained, including medicine, respiratory medicine, ENT, eye care, dermatology, and psychiatry.

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Dr Meena noted that most patients visiting the clinic are “over the age of 60,” with about 90% experiencing symptoms like shortness of breath, respiratory issues, and acute bronchitis.

He added that young children under five and pregnant women are also “especially vulnerable to pollution-related illnesses.

“The pollution clinic is operational every Monday from 2 pm to 4 pm in the basement of the Centre run-RML hospital,” he said.

Giving details of cases rising due to pollution, he stated, “90% of patients coming to the facility are suffering from acute bronchitis, shortness of breath, fever, and sore throat, while the remaining 10 percent consist of cases like skin irritation and eye irritation.”

The Assistant Professor and Head of the Department of Medicine explained that high-risk groups – individuals over 60, children under five, and pregnant women – are more vulnerable to pollution-related problems.

“The pregnant women should be more careful as they are more prone to diseases such as Upper Respiratory Diseases (URD), which can impact the health of the baby,” he said.

“Apart from the high-risk group, people with a history of respiratory diseases or heart disease are also more vulnerable, as pollution heightens symptoms and causes more discomfort for patients,” Dr Meena added.

Dr Meena said, “The clinic is fully equipped with the necessary equipment and technology needed to treat pollution-related diseases.”

When asked about the availability of beds, he replied, “There are no special beds or wards assigned for pollution related illnesses. However, if necessary, the beds installed in the respective wards can be used to admit patients.”

He explained that antihistamines are frequently prescribed to treat symptoms of pollution-related illnesses, especially for respiratory and allergy issues. These medications “work by blocking histamine,” a compound the immune system releases in response to allergens and irritants that are often “present in polluted environments.”

Discussing the use of antihistamines for pollution related conditions, he noted that “high levels of pollutants can trigger symptoms like sneezing, itching, runny nose, and watery eyes,” which antihistamines address by reducing inflammation and modulating the immune response.

He added that commonly prescribed antihistamines, such as cetirizine, loratadine, and fexofenadine, “effectively manage both seasonal and persistent allergy symptoms,” offering significant relief for individuals living in high-pollution areas and enhancing their quality of life.

“Additionally, newer, non drowsy formulations allow individuals to find symptom relief without interfering with daily activities, making antihistamines a practical option in treating pollution-related health issues,” he said.

Dr Meena advised that to reduce exposure to air pollution, it is effective to remain indoors during peak pollution times. He explained that air quality typically worsens in the mornings and evenings due to heightened vehicle emissions during rush hours.

Additionally, on hot days, pollution levels often increase as sunlight reacts with pollutants to create ground-level ozone. By staying inside during these periods, individuals can safeguard themselves from the most severe outdoor pollution.

He explained that another effective method to reduce exposure to pollution is by using air purifiers at home. High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) purifiers are especially beneficial because they capture fine particles such as PM2.5 and other allergens, significantly enhancing indoor air quality. For individuals who must venture outside on days with high pollution levels, wearing an N95 mask or a similar type can offer extra protection, as these masks filter out much of the particulate matter that standard cloth or surgical masks cannot.

The doctor pointed out that keeping windows and doors closed is another effective strategy, particularly on days with high pollution levels. While it’s generally good to have fresh air, sealing off access points during high pollution times can help keep outdoor contaminants from entering the home. He suggested ventilating the house when outdoor air quality improves, which is usually during midday or late at night, depending on local conditions.

Dr Meena asserted that regularly monitoring air quality levels is beneficial for planning activities. Numerous apps and websites offer real-time data on air quality, enabling individuals to determine the best times for outdoor activities. If going outside is essential, he suggested opting for green spaces like parks, which have trees and plants that naturally filter pollutants, as they usually provide better air quality than busy streets.

He emphasised the importance of avoiding high-traffic areas, noting that vehicle emissions significantly contribute to pollution. He advised taking less congested routes whenever possible to stay away from major roadways. Additionally, he pointed out the need for proper ventilation in indoor spaces, particularly during cooking or cleaning, as these activities can elevate indoor pollution levels. Using an exhaust fan while cooking and choosing eco friendly, low-chemical cleaning products can help improve indoor air quality.

Dr Meena concluded by highlighting the importance of staying hydrated and eating foods high in antioxidants, like fruits and vegetables, to bolster the body’s defences against pollution. He also recommended limiting strenuous physical activities on high-pollution days, as exercising increases the amount of air inhaled, resulting in greater exposure to pollutants. If feasible, opting for indoor exercise can be a healthier choice during such conditions.